Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and industrial soils of Kerman, the largest city in southeast of Iran: status, source apportionment, ecotoxicology, and health risk assessment

In this study, pollution level, distribution, toxicity, molecular composition, probable sources as well health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban and industrial soils Kerman metropolis were investigated. is a fast-growing city fine example an arid developing country. For purpose, concentrations 16 individual PAHs 30 samples taken from the its zones determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The ?PAHs concentration soil varied 26.1 to 902.8 ?g/kg, with mean median 302.6 148.4 µg/kg, respectively. comparison, ranged 26.8to 251.9 values 65.9 42.9 Four-ring comprise dominant compounds soils, whereas, two- three-ring proved be most abundant soils. Source apportionment was conducted using ring classification, diagnostic ratios, PCA, multilinear regression (MLR). Also, human risk assessment undertaken through employing US EPA standard statistical models. This survey revealed that PAH originates mainly fossil fuel combustion petrogenic sources. On whole, environment, shares petroleum combustion, natural 45.32%, 34%, 20.68% Based on ecological low-to-moderate, incremental lifetime cancer for children adults 1.35 × 10?4 1.04 respectively, indicating rather high risks.